Tree, Growth & Location

The kola tree (Cola nitida) is an impressive evergreen tree native to the tropical rainforests of West Africa. Reaching heights of up to 25 meters with a sprawling growth habit, it shapes the landscape. Its cracked bark and dense, leathery leaves give it a robust appearance. The tree thrives particularly well in deep, nutrient-rich soils and requires consistent rainfall. It is adaptable and grows in both partial shade and full sun. The kola tree is not only ecologically valuable but also economically significant, as its seeds, the kola nuts, are rich in caffeine and traditionally used as a stimulant.

Growth and Appearance

The kola tree (Cola nitida) is an evergreen tree native to the tropical rainforests of West Africa. It reaches a height of 12 to 25 meters, with the exact size depending on the conditions of its location. In dense forests, it usually remains smaller, while in open areas, it grows larger and more expansive. The trunk diameter can reach up to 1.5 meters, and older trees often develop buttress roots. The bark of the kola tree is thick, fibrous, and rough, with deep longitudinal cracks and a color ranging from gray to dark brown.

The kola tree has a wide-spreading crown with elongated, oval leaves that are about 20 to 40 centimeters long. These leaves are thick and leathery, with a waxy layer that prevents evaporation. The leaf veins are clearly visible and arranged alternately. The leaves are petioled and have a smooth, glossy surface.

Location and Climate

The kola tree thrives in nutrient-rich soils and prefers areas with evenly distributed rainfall. It can be found at elevations up to 300 meters and is cultivated in various tropical regions worldwide, including India, Jamaica, Brazil, and Hawaii. The tree requires about 1,200 to 1,700 millimeters of rainfall annually, distributed evenly over at least eight months. It grows in both light and heavy soils, as long as they are deep, and it prefers well-drained soil. The kola tree can grow in both partial shade and full sun.

The optimal temperatures for the growth of the kola tree range between 23°C and 35°C.The tree is adaptable and can thrive in various climate zones, provided the conditions for sufficient moisture and warmth are met.

In summary, the kola tree is a robust and versatile plant that plays an important role in the tropical regions of the world, both ecologically and economically.